Sabtu, 03 April 2010

Post Production Terminology

Diposting oleh Bina Yuliawati di 04.57

  • Academy leader : a film leader placed at the head of release prints. It contains information for the projectionist and features numbers which are black on a clear background, counting from 10 to 2at 16 frame intervals (see SMPTE leader).

  • Bridging shot : a shot (cut) used to cover a break in time, or other break in continuity.

  • Clapper : the sticks that are slapped together in view of the camera for the purpose of synchronizing film sound. These are usually, but not always, attached to the slate and appear at the head or tail of a sync sound take.

  • Coding : once the work print and sound stock have been placed in sync, the rolls are coded with matching yellow edge numbers so they can be matched up later once they have been cut up into pieces.

  • Conforming : the cutting of the OCN to match the final cut of a film. Contact print - a print made in a contact printer where the original element and duplicate element actually are pressed together at the point of expose (no lens involved). Work prints and "dirty dupes" are made this way.

  • Cross-cutting : Cutting back and forth between two or more events or actions that are taking place at the same time but in different places. Cross-cutting is used to build suspense or to show how different pieces of the action are related.

  • Cut : An abrupt transition from one shot to another.

  • Cutaways : A cut away from the primary subject to something the filmmaker has decided is equally or more relevant at that time. Often cutaways consist of shots showing the reaction of one character to another. This is often used to compress time in what appears to be a seamless manner.

  • Dolly shot : a shot taken while the camera is in motion on a dolly.

  • Editing : The process of rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video clips. Also, creating transitions between clips. Editing is part of post-production.

  • Encoding : The process of converting digital video into a particular format, for example, saving a video project in MGEG-2 format for DVD distribution.

  • Establishing Shot : A shot, usually taken from a distance, which establishes for the viewer where the action is to occur and the spatial relationship of the characters and their setting.

  • Extreme Close-Up (ECU) : A detail of a close-up (eyes or mouth only, etc.).

  • Fade In : A shot that starts in darkness and gradually lightens to full exposure.

  • Fade Out : A shot that starts at full exposure and gradually fades to black.

  • Freeze-Frame : At a chosen point in a scene, a particular frame is printed repeatedly, given the effect of halting or "freezing" the action.

  • Jump Cut : A cut where two spliced shots do not match in terms of time or place. A jump cut gives the effect that the camera is literally jumping around.

  • KeyKode : an extension of the latent edge numbers whereby each frame is given a number. These numbers are recorded as a barcode on the negative and can be read by a special reader in the lab or transfer house.

  • Layering : Adding multiple layers of superimposed video.

  • Legal effects : the lengths for fades and dissolves which can be executed by most printers (16, 24, 32, 48, 64 and 96 frames).

  • Library shot : a shot used in a film, but not originally taken for that film. Long shot (abbr. LS) - a shot taken from a considerable distance. Often the LS serves as an establishing shot. (i.e., a human figure taken so it is shorter than the height of the screen)

  • Low-Con print : a print that is made on a print stock which has been flashed evenly white light prior to the image being exposed on it. This yields a lower contrast print (brings up the black levels) which in turn yields a more attractive video transfer.

  • Mag stock : magnetic sound recording stock which has edge perforations that match those perfs. on the picture stock, thereby allowing it to be pulled along with the picture at the same speed and relative position.

  • Medium shot (abbr. MS) : a shot between a LS and a MCU (i.e.,. a human figure taken from the waist up)

  • Married print : a positive print which carries both picture and sound on it. (sometimes called a composite print).

  • Mute print : a positive print which carries the picture only (silent print).

  • Montage : 1) the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated shots or scenes which, when combined, achieve meaning (as in, shot A and shot B together give rise to an third idea, which is then supported by shot C, and so on), or 2) a series of related shots which lead the viewer to a desired conclusion (as in, shot A leads to shot B leads to shot C... leads to shot X; shot X being the outcome of the sequence).

  • Pitch (film stock) : the spacing between perforations.

  • Post Production : Everything that happens to the video and audio after production, i.e. after the footage has been shot. Post production includes video editing, audio editing, titling, color correction, effects, etc.

  • Relational editing : editing of shots to suggest association of ideas between them.

  • Reverse cutting : A technique alternating over-the-shoulder shots showing different characters speaking. This is generally used in conversation scenes.

  • Rough cut : first assembly of a film which the editor prepares from selected takes, in script order, leaving the finer points of timing and editing to a later stage.

  • Rushes : prints made immediately after a day's shooting so they can be viewed the following day. (a.k.a. dailies)

  • Scene : action that occurs in one location at one time.

  • Sequence Shot : An entire scene or sequence that is one continuous camera shot. There is no editing.

  • Shot : a recording of a single take.

  • SMPTE leader : a leader placed at the head of release prints containing information for the projectionist and featuring numbers which are black on a medium density background. These numbers count down from 8 to 2 at 24 frame intervals ending at the first frame of the "2" followed by 47 frames of black. Sync pop - a single frame tone placed on the sound track so as to correspond with the "2" frame on the SMPTE leader.

  • Synchronize (sync) : to place sound and picture in their proper relationship.

  • Take : a recording of a single shot.

  • Tilt : to turn or rotate the camera up or down in shooting.

  • Timing : the process of adjusting the color balance for the printing of each scene once the negative has been conformed. (also called grading)

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Sabtu, 03 April 2010

Post Production Terminology

  • Academy leader : a film leader placed at the head of release prints. It contains information for the projectionist and features numbers which are black on a clear background, counting from 10 to 2at 16 frame intervals (see SMPTE leader).

  • Bridging shot : a shot (cut) used to cover a break in time, or other break in continuity.

  • Clapper : the sticks that are slapped together in view of the camera for the purpose of synchronizing film sound. These are usually, but not always, attached to the slate and appear at the head or tail of a sync sound take.

  • Coding : once the work print and sound stock have been placed in sync, the rolls are coded with matching yellow edge numbers so they can be matched up later once they have been cut up into pieces.

  • Conforming : the cutting of the OCN to match the final cut of a film. Contact print - a print made in a contact printer where the original element and duplicate element actually are pressed together at the point of expose (no lens involved). Work prints and "dirty dupes" are made this way.

  • Cross-cutting : Cutting back and forth between two or more events or actions that are taking place at the same time but in different places. Cross-cutting is used to build suspense or to show how different pieces of the action are related.

  • Cut : An abrupt transition from one shot to another.

  • Cutaways : A cut away from the primary subject to something the filmmaker has decided is equally or more relevant at that time. Often cutaways consist of shots showing the reaction of one character to another. This is often used to compress time in what appears to be a seamless manner.

  • Dolly shot : a shot taken while the camera is in motion on a dolly.

  • Editing : The process of rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video clips. Also, creating transitions between clips. Editing is part of post-production.

  • Encoding : The process of converting digital video into a particular format, for example, saving a video project in MGEG-2 format for DVD distribution.

  • Establishing Shot : A shot, usually taken from a distance, which establishes for the viewer where the action is to occur and the spatial relationship of the characters and their setting.

  • Extreme Close-Up (ECU) : A detail of a close-up (eyes or mouth only, etc.).

  • Fade In : A shot that starts in darkness and gradually lightens to full exposure.

  • Fade Out : A shot that starts at full exposure and gradually fades to black.

  • Freeze-Frame : At a chosen point in a scene, a particular frame is printed repeatedly, given the effect of halting or "freezing" the action.

  • Jump Cut : A cut where two spliced shots do not match in terms of time or place. A jump cut gives the effect that the camera is literally jumping around.

  • KeyKode : an extension of the latent edge numbers whereby each frame is given a number. These numbers are recorded as a barcode on the negative and can be read by a special reader in the lab or transfer house.

  • Layering : Adding multiple layers of superimposed video.

  • Legal effects : the lengths for fades and dissolves which can be executed by most printers (16, 24, 32, 48, 64 and 96 frames).

  • Library shot : a shot used in a film, but not originally taken for that film. Long shot (abbr. LS) - a shot taken from a considerable distance. Often the LS serves as an establishing shot. (i.e., a human figure taken so it is shorter than the height of the screen)

  • Low-Con print : a print that is made on a print stock which has been flashed evenly white light prior to the image being exposed on it. This yields a lower contrast print (brings up the black levels) which in turn yields a more attractive video transfer.

  • Mag stock : magnetic sound recording stock which has edge perforations that match those perfs. on the picture stock, thereby allowing it to be pulled along with the picture at the same speed and relative position.

  • Medium shot (abbr. MS) : a shot between a LS and a MCU (i.e.,. a human figure taken from the waist up)

  • Married print : a positive print which carries both picture and sound on it. (sometimes called a composite print).

  • Mute print : a positive print which carries the picture only (silent print).

  • Montage : 1) the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated shots or scenes which, when combined, achieve meaning (as in, shot A and shot B together give rise to an third idea, which is then supported by shot C, and so on), or 2) a series of related shots which lead the viewer to a desired conclusion (as in, shot A leads to shot B leads to shot C... leads to shot X; shot X being the outcome of the sequence).

  • Pitch (film stock) : the spacing between perforations.

  • Post Production : Everything that happens to the video and audio after production, i.e. after the footage has been shot. Post production includes video editing, audio editing, titling, color correction, effects, etc.

  • Relational editing : editing of shots to suggest association of ideas between them.

  • Reverse cutting : A technique alternating over-the-shoulder shots showing different characters speaking. This is generally used in conversation scenes.

  • Rough cut : first assembly of a film which the editor prepares from selected takes, in script order, leaving the finer points of timing and editing to a later stage.

  • Rushes : prints made immediately after a day's shooting so they can be viewed the following day. (a.k.a. dailies)

  • Scene : action that occurs in one location at one time.

  • Sequence Shot : An entire scene or sequence that is one continuous camera shot. There is no editing.

  • Shot : a recording of a single take.

  • SMPTE leader : a leader placed at the head of release prints containing information for the projectionist and featuring numbers which are black on a medium density background. These numbers count down from 8 to 2 at 24 frame intervals ending at the first frame of the "2" followed by 47 frames of black. Sync pop - a single frame tone placed on the sound track so as to correspond with the "2" frame on the SMPTE leader.

  • Synchronize (sync) : to place sound and picture in their proper relationship.

  • Take : a recording of a single shot.

  • Tilt : to turn or rotate the camera up or down in shooting.

  • Timing : the process of adjusting the color balance for the printing of each scene once the negative has been conformed. (also called grading)

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